#Kwibuka30: Ngarutse mu gihugu nyuma y’imyaka 30

Hashize imyaka 30 mvuye mu rugo iwacu mu Rwanda, igihugu cyambyaye. Nahunze mfite imyaka 12. Nahunganye n’umuryango wanjye kubera amahano yakorwaga muri jenoside yo mu 1994.

Nakuriye muri Kenya no muri Norvege, hanyuma njya gutura i Londres. Nakomeje kwibaza uko byagenda ndamutse nsubiyeyo, kujya kureba uko igihugu kimeze no kureba ko abantu bakize ibikomere.

Igihe nabonye amahirwe yo kujya gukorayo ikiganiro kuri icyo kibazo, naranezerewe ariko nanone mfite impungenge nyinshi z’ibyo nzasangayo n’uko nzabyitwaramo.

Nabanye ibikomere by’aya mahano mu buryo bwo guhungabana kuza ntabyiteguye.

Nk’abanyarwanda benshi, nabuze abavandimwe benshi. Mu minsi 100 gusa, abatutsi başağa Miliyoni bishwe n’intagondwa z’abahutu zahigaga abatutsi n’abanyapolitike batavugaga rumwe nazo, zititaye ku bwoko bavamo.

Amarangamutima yanzungurukagamo igihe nururukaga mu ndege ku murwa mukuru wa Kigali.

Umunezero wo kwumva ururimi rwanjye rw’i Kinyarwanda ruvugwa hirya no hino. Ariko nanone nkibukako bwa nyuma igihe navaga muri uyu mujyi, akavuyo kari kawuzuyemo, amamiliyoni y’abantu turimo kwiruka duhunga kugirango dukize amagara yacu.

Hacye mu hantu nifuzaga kureba mu gihe gito nari mfite, ni kw’ishuri ry’ibanze nizeho, inzu yacu ya nyuma nasize i Kigali, aho nari nicaye n’abavandimwe ku meza turiraho, muri iryo joro ry’icuraburindi ryo kw’itariki 6 z’ukwa kane mu 1994. Aho niho twumviye ko indege ya Perezida yahanuwe, iyo nkuru twumviye kuri telefone yahinduye ubuzima bwacu.

Ariko mu mpungenge zose nari mfite, ntacyanganyaga nko kutazabona inzu y’umuryango wacu ikiriho. Maze kugerageza inshuro enye, nacitse intege, mpamagara mama wanjye muri Norvege kugirango anyobore. Amaherezo mpagaze inyuma y’igipangu gifunze, nibutse akazuba karasaga mu gicamunsi, twicaye ku kabaraza tuganira ntacyo twitayeho.

Byatumye nibuka kandi agahinda k’ukuntu twahunze, batubwiye ko tugomba kwambara imyenda itatu igerekeranye, maze dupfukirana mu modoka dutangira urugendo nta n’umwe wari uzi aho ruzarangirira.

Sinibuka umuntu n’umwe muri twe wagize icyo avuga, habe no kwitotomba, cyeretse twe abana twari ducucikiranye inyuma mu modoka, – yewe nubwo inzara yatwicaga sinabimenyega.

Ku munsi wa gatandatu twasanze nta hantu na hamwe hasigaye hari umutekano muri Kigali, maze tuyoboka iy’ubuhungiro – tugerageza kudakumirwa kuri za bariyeri zari ziyobowe n’abagabo bafite imipanga.

Byari bimeze nkaho Kigali yose – abantu twageraga mu bihumbi, bamwe ku maguru, abandi ku mapikipiki, abandi mu modoka, no mu bikamyo – twahungiraga igihe kimwe.

Twari tugiye iwacu mu giturage aho dukomoka ku Gisenyi, hafi y’umupaka wa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, ubu hasigaye hitwa akarere ka Rubavu.

Icyo gihe nkora urugendo, dushakisha inzira itugeza ahari umutekano, abantu bagendaga neza kandi nta masasu yaraswaga cyangwa abantu bahagarara ku mirongo bahunze. Icyo gihe hari akazuba, hasa neza.

Inzu yacu yari ifite ibyumba bitatu – ariko mu mezi atatu yabayemo jenoside yaririmo abantu bagera kuri 40 -nasanze igihagaze nubwo itabagamo n’abantu kuva igihe twayiviriyemo mu kwa kwezi kwa karindwi mu 1994. Nanagize amahirwe yo guhura n’abavandimwe banjye bamwe barokotse. Barimo mubyara wanjye Augustin, wari ufite imyaka 10 igihe bwa nyuma namubonaga ku Gisenyi. Kumuhobera byambereye nk’inzozi – wa muntu mubyuka museka, umutima wanyu ukuzura. Icyo namwibukiragaho cyiza, kwari ukuntu twirukaga mu mirima y’imboga, turi mu biruhuko bya Pasika – tutazi amahano adutegereje.

Ubu ni umugabo ufite abana bane, ariko twakomereje aho twaherukaniraga, tuganira ku ngendo twagize kuva aho dutandukaniye duhungiye muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, icyo gihe yitwaga Zaire.

Yarambwiye ati: “Nahunze njyenyine ntari kumwe n’ababyeyi banjye kandi nca mu biturage, mu gihe ababyeyi banjye bo baciye mu mujyi wa Gisenyi bajya i Goma”.

Yagize ati: “Mu minsi ya mbere, ubuzima bwari bubi cyane. Hadutse icyorezo cya korera [cholera], abantu benshi bararwara, abagera mu bihumbi barapfa kuko imibereho yari mibi kandi hari ibiryo bidahagije.”

Inkuru ye ifite aho ijya gusa n’iyanjye. Ndibuka ko mu byumweru bya mbere mpungira i Goma, imihanda yabaga yuzuyemo imirambo, mbere yuko umuryango wanjye ushobora kutwimurira mu buhungiro burambye muri Kenya.

Ariko nsubiye mu Rwanda, hari undi mwana w’imyaka 13 witwa Claudette Mukarumanzi – we yahuye n’akaga ko guca mu bitero byinshi byagabwe mu minsi myinshi. Ni igitangaza kuba yararokotse. Ubu afite imyaka 43, afite abuzukuru kandi yemeye kumbwira bimwe mu byamubayeho – n’abamuteye ibikomere.

Kimwe mu bitero byamugabweho, cyabereye mu bilometero bike uvuye aho twahuriye I Nyamata, umujyi uri mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda.

Aho hari kuri Kiliziya Gaturika aho abantu amajana bari bahungiye ariko baza guhigwa, baricwa, kenshi n’abantu bitwaje imipanga.

Yagize ati: “Igihe yantemaga, yaraje ahagarara muri Kiliziya. Yarimo kuririmba igihe yantemaga. Yankubise umupanga mu mutwe maze numva amaraso ari kumanuka mu maso.”

“Yantegetse kuryama hasi ndyamishije inda. Maze ankubita icumu mu mugongo. Na n’ubu ndacyafite izo nkovu.”

Uko namwumvaga, niko nasobanukiwe ko twari twegeranye mu myaka igihe twabonaga isi iduhindukirana.

Arakomeza ati: “Yankubise icumu n’ingufu nyinshi, nsigara nibaza ko ryahinguranije rikagera ku butaha.”

Yashoboye gucisha ukuboko inyuma ashinguramo iryo cumu. Ashobora kujya ku muturanyi yibaza ko ariho abonera umutekano.

Ariko uwo mukobwa yaje guhura amaso ku yandi na Jean Claude Ntambara, umupolisi wari ufite imyaka 26.

Ntambara arambwira ati: “Yari yihishe mu nzu y’umuntu waduhamagaye aratubwira ati hari inyenzi zihishe hariya.”

Iryo zina “inyenzi” ryakoreshwaga n’abahutu b’abahezanguni hamwe n’itanganzamakuru, mu kuvuga abatutsi.

“Namusanze yicaye ku gitanda, yakomeretse cyane, yuzuye amaraso. Murasa ku rutugu kugira ngo murangize. Twari twahawe amabwiriza y’uko ntawe tugomba gusiga. Nari nzi ko namwishe.”

Rero nyuma y’igihe yaje gutoroka ava muri iyo nzu, ararongotana wenyine kugeza igihe aboneye umuntu umuzi amupfuka ibisebe.

Amaze gukira neza, ariko byaragoranye cyane – na cyane ko mu myaka ishize yagiye ahura n’abamugabyeho ibyo bitero mu muhanda.

Ibisebe bikabije bitya – ibiboneka n’ibitaboneka – abantu batera intambwe imbere gute ?

Mukarumanzi na Ntambara bari mu babonye igisubizo mu buryo butangaje.

Igihe nagendaga mbegera, natangajwe no gusanga bari hamwe baseka bari munsi y’ibibabi by’igiti. Ariko inseko yabo igaragaza uko urwo rugendo rugoye.

Igihe nabazaga uwo wahoze ari umupolisi niba azi umubare w’abantu yishe muri jenoside, bucece…yazunguje umutwe.

Uwo mugabo yahamijwe ibyaha maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irenga cumi kubera uruhare yagize muri ubwo bwicanyi.

Aho kuguma muri gereza, yakoze imirimo nsimburagifungo amaze kwihana no kwiyemeza gusaba imbabazi.

Yashatse Mukarumanzi. Ariko ni kunshuro ya 7 yemeye kumuha imbabazi.

Yagize ati: “Nagombye guhangana n’ibikorwa byanjye, nemera uruhare nagize, kandi ntabihatiwe.”

Alexandros Lordos, inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara z’imitekerereze n’amarangamutima wakoze mu Rwanda, avuga ko bisaba ubufatanye mu gukira kugirango umuntu afate icyemezo cyo kwiyemeza nawe gukira.

Yarambwiye ati: “Ubwicanyi bwakoraga ku bantu begeranye, aho abaturage batera abaturanyi babo, imiryango igatera abo mu miryango yabo”. Yongeraho ati: “Byari bimeze nkaho nta muntu wizeraga undi.”

“Urwego rwiza rwo gukira rutangirira mu kwibagirwa imyirondoro y’uwarokotse n’uwamwishe.”

Kubwa Mukarumanzi, habayeho kwita cyane ku muryango we.

Ati: “Numva ndamutse mpfuye ntaramubabarira, umuzigo wajya ku bana banjye. Ndamutse mpfuye urwango rukindimo, ntitwaba turi kubaka u Rwanda nifuriza abana banjye, rwakomeza kuba u Rwanda nakuriyemo. Ibyo rero sinabisigira abana banjye. “

Hari indi mishinga yo kwunga abantu yagiye ishyirwaho. Umwe ni uwashyizweho n’abakristu, uhuza umwicanyi n’uwarokotse biciye mu gutanga inka, ikintu cyubashywe cyane mu muco w’abanyarwanda.

Bose bahabwa inka bazafatanya – bityo bagatangira kuganira ku bwiyunge no kubabarirana – bakubaka ejo habo hazaza heza hamwe – umunsi umwe bakazagira ishyo ry’inka.

U Rwanda rwagiye rushyiraho ingamba zo kuzana ubumwe mu gihugu cyari cyararanzwe n’amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko – ahubwo biranabujijwe kuvuga amoko.

Hari ibinegu ariko bivuga ko uwo mugambi wa leta ufasha ikintu gito cyane – hari abantu benshi baregwa gupfobya no guhakana jenoside. Bavuga ko hari uburenganzira bumwe budahari, bushobora kudindiza uwo mugambi mu gihe kiri imbere.

Hashobora kuba hakiri inzira yo kugera ku mugambi wo gutsinda amateka yashize – nkuko nabibonye mu rugendo rwanjye.

Byatwaye u Rwanda imyaka 30 kugira ngo rugere kuri uru rwego rwo kwiyunga;

ku bwanjye, kuba narashoboye noneho gusubirayo;

kubwa Mukarumanzi na Ntambara kongera kubana nk’abaturanyi;

kuri twese kubona ahantu, haba twese hamwe cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye, dushobora gukira ihungabana, yaba turi hamwe cyangwa umwe ku giti cye.

Igikomeye nabonye kuri njye ni uko u Rwanda, nubwo ruzakomeza kumpora ku mutima, rutakimeze nkaho ari iwacu.

Ariko nihaye amahoro kuri ibyo mu rugendo rwanjye, urugendo rwanamfashije gukira ibisebe byanjye, rugatuma nemera ibyo natakaje.

Victoria Uwonkunda ni umunyamakuru wa BBC akaba n’uvuga amakuru mu gisata cya Newsday cya BBC World Service.

Src: BBC