‘Ubuzima bwanjye ni intambara’ – Sultani Makenga: Ubundi uyu mugabo ni muntu ki ?

Intambara iri guca ibintu mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo  abarwanyi ba M23 bamaze kwigarurira umujyi wa Goma kandi bivugwa ko barimo gusatira na Bukavu.

Mu byumweru bicye bishize abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi barishwe kandi iyi mirwano yateje gukomera kw’intambara y’amagambo hagati y’abategetsi ba DR Congo n’abaturanyi babo b’u Rwanda.

Biragoye kuvuga M23 ngo usige umukuru w’abarwanyi bayo Sultani Makenga, wagiye uvugwaho ibyaha by’intambara, mu gihe we avuga ko arwanira uburenganzira bw’abo mu bwoko bwe.

Ubuzima bwe bwatangiye kuri Noheli ya 1973, ubwo yavukaga i Nyanzale muri Masisi nk’uko yagiye abivuga, avuka mu muryango w’Abatutsi bo muri Congo.

Makenga yataye ishuri ku myaka 17 ajya mu mutwe w’inyeshyamba wa Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF – Inkotanyi), Abanyarwanda bari impunzi barwaniraga guhagarika ihohoterwa ku batutsi mu Rwanda, gutahuka ku bahunze, n’uburenganzira, mu gihe icyo gihe mu Rwanda ubutegetsi bwari bufitwe ahanini n’Abahutu.

Mu gihe cy’imyaka, FPR yarwanye n’ingabo za leta y’u Rwanda, zitsindwa mu 1994 ubwo Abahutu b’abahezanguni bicaga Abatutsi bagera ku 800,000 n’Abahutu batari bashyigikiye Jenoside yakorerwaga ubwoko bw’Abatutsi.

Asubije amaso inyuma, mu kiganiro yatanze mu 2013, Makenga yagize ati: “Ubuzima bwanjye ni intambara, amashuri yanjye ni intambara, ururimi rwanjye ni intambara…Ariko nubaha amahoro”.

RPF  n’abarwanyi bayo ba RPA  imaze gufata ubutegetsi i Kigali, benshi mu bari bagize leta yariho n’igisirikare bahungiye muri DR Congo (yari Zaïre icyo gihe).

Mu gisirikare cya RPA, Makenga yageze ku ipeti rya serija ndetse yungiriza umukuru wa palatuni y’abasirikare.

“Yari igitangaza mu gutega ibico (ambushes)”, umwe mu barwananye na Makenga muri RPA ni ko yabwiye ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi Rift Valley Institute.

Iki kigo kivuga ko kuba atari afite amashuri no kutavuga neza indimi nk’Icyongereza n’Igifaransa, “byari imbogamizi mu kuzamuka kwe”, ntiyagera kure mu mapeti.

Makenga azwiho kuba umugabo uvuga macye kandi utari intyoza cyane mu gutanga imbwirwaruhame.

Mu 1997, yari mu nyeshyamba z’Abanyecongo zafashijwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda gukuraho Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko muri Zaïre. Ubutegetsi bufata Laurent-Désiré Kabila wahise ahindura izina ry’igihugu acyita RD Congo.

Gusa Makenga yatangiye gushwana n’abamukuriye  yatawe muri yombi n’abasirikare nyuma yo kwanga amabwiriza yo gusubira mu Rwanda, nk’uko byavuzwe n’Akanama ka ONU gashinzwe umutekano.

Kavuga ko yafungiwe ku kirwa cya Iwawa.

Hagati aho, imikoranire hagati ya Laurent Kabila n’u Rwanda yaje kunanirana.

U Rwanda rwifuzaga kurandura inyeshyamba z’Abahutu zasize zikoze jenoside mu Rwanda zigahungira muri Congo. Nyuma y’uko izi nyeshyamba zajyaga zitera mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda zikica abantu.

Kabila ntiyashoboye guhagarika izo nyeshyamba, ndetse ategeka ingabo z’u Rwanda yakoranaga na zo i Kinshasa kuva muri Congo.

Nyuma y’ibyo, u Rwanda rwateye Congo mu 1998. Ubwo Makenga yarekurwaga, yoherejwe imbere mu bayobora urugamba mu nyeshyamba zafashwaga n’u Rwanda.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, Makenga yagiye amenyekana nk’umurwanyi kabuhariwe uzi kuyobora ingabo ku rugamba.

Ubwo ingabo z’u Rwanda zinjiraga muri DR Congo, habaye kwiyongera kwo guhohotera Abatutsi b’Abanyecongo. Laurent Kabila yavugaga ko Abatutsi bashyigikiye ibyo bitero, abandi bategetsi na bo bagashishikariza rubanda kwibasira abo muri ubwo bwoko.

Makenga yashinjaga abategetsi ba Congo kugambanira abasirikare b’Abatutsi, yagize ati: “Kabila yari umunyapolitike, njye si ndi we. Ndi umusirikare, kandi ururimi nzi ni urw’imbunda.”

Ibihugu bituranyi byinshi byinjiye muri iyo ntambara na ONU yohereza ingabo nyinshi kugerageza kugarura amahoro.

Bivugwa ko abantu barenga miliyoni eshanu baguye muri iyo ntambara n’ibyayikurikiye  ahanini kubera inzara n’indwara.

Mu 2001 Laurent Kabila yiciwe mu biro bye n’umusirikare muto wamurindaga asimburwa n’umuhungu we Joseph.

Imirwano yarangiye neza mu 2003 habayeho kumvikana n’ubutegetsi bwa Joseph Kabila. Makenga n’abandi bari mu nyeshyamba bashyirwa mu ngabo za leta mu gikorwa cyiswe “mixage et brassage”, nyuma habaho n’amasezerano ya leta n’inyeshyamba mu 2009.

Nyuma y’imyaka y’agahenge ku butegetsi bwa Joseph, Makenga n’abandi baje kuva mu ngabo batangiza umutwe wa M23 bashinja Kabila kutubahiriza amasezerano ya 2009 yagiranye n’inyeshyamba, icyo gihe zari ziyobowe na Laurent Nkunda.

Muri Mata (4) 2012 bashinga M23, Makenga yahise ajya ku ipeti rya jenerali, nyuma batangira ibitero bikomeye byafashe umujyi wa Goma.

Icyo gihe Makenga yashinjwe ibyaha by’intambara ndetse Amerika yamushyiriyeho ibihano imushinja “kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare, n’ubwicanyi ku basivile”, Makenga yavuze ko ibyo birego “nta shingiro bifite”.

Nyuma yo kurekura umujyi wa Goma hashize iminsi 10 gusa bawufashe, mu 2013 M23 yarashwe n’ihuriro ry’ingabo z’ibihugu byo mu karere n’iza ONU icikamo kabiri. Igice kimwe cya Makenga gihungira muri Uganda, ikindi cya Gen Bosco Ntaganda gihungira mu Rwanda, uyu yishyikiriza ambasade ya Amerika i Kigali.

Ntaganda wahimbwaga ‘Terminator’ yaje kujyanwa mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha i La Haye mu Buholandi aho yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 30.

Uganda  nayo yagiye ishinjwa gufasha M23, ibyo yahakanye  yahawe inyandiko zo guta muri yombi Makenga, ntiyabikora.

Nyuma y’imyaka umunani, mu 2021, Makenga na bagenzi be bongeye kugaruka muri DR Congo. Intambara zongera kurota zihereye i Canzu muri Rutshuru hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.

Amasezerano menshi yo guhagarika imirwano hagati y’impande zirwana ntiyubahirijwe, buri ruhande rushinja urundi kuyarengaho.

Kuva icyo gihe Makenga si kenshi yagiye aboneka mu ruhame, akenshi ibya M23 abirekera umuvugizi, cyangwa se Corneille Nangaa nyuma y’uko bashinze ihuriro Alliance Fleuve Congo.

Makenga yigeze kuvuga ko intamabara ze azirwanira abana be batatu, “kugira ngo umunsi umwe bazagire ahazaza heza muri iki gihugu”.

Yagize ati: “Sinkwiye kuboneka nk’umugabo udashaka amahoro. Mfite umutima, mfite umuryango n’abantu nitayeho.”

Makenga yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu n’ubutegetsi bwa Congo. Gusa we avuga ko nta kizamuvana ku byo yiyemeje.

Ati: “Nzatanga icyo byasaba cyose”.